CANCUN, Mexico, (Reuters) – Climate negotiators at U.N. talks in Mexico yesterday struggled over proposals that would abolish a two-decade divide between rich and poor on scrutiny of greenhouse gas emissions.
Developed countries say fast-growing emerging economies led by China, which has become the top carbon emitter, have to do far more to curb their emissions. Many poor nations oppose changing a 1992 U.N. convention that obliges the rich to lead.
“I can guarantee you that this will be a controversial issue,” Artur Runge-Metzger, a senior European Union negotiator, said at the Nov. 29 to Dec. 10 talks in a Caribbean resort.
“For China, there need to be much tighter rules for measurement, reporting and verification compared to a small poor country,” he added, saying that EU funding detailed on Tuesday would help pay for the poorest countries to report their emissions.
Most countries agreed on a formula at last year’s Copenhagen summit, under which industrialized countries would cut their emissions and emerging economies slow growth in greenhouse gases.
The Cancun talks have far lower ambitions than last year’s Copenhagen summit which fell short of an all-encompassing deal to help slow floods, droughts, heatwaves and rising sea levels.
Cancun will seek agreement on a smaller package of measures including a “green fund” to channel aid to the poor or efforts to protect tropical forests that soak up carbon as they grow.
A main point of controversy in Cancun is how far rich and poor countries report their pledges and whether these should be subject to international scrutiny.
India is proposing that all major economies, developed and developing, would report their emissions, while the rich would also detail climate aid.
That marks a big concession by a major emerging economy and would dilute differences between rich and poor: under the 1992 climate convention only about 40 developed countries have to report their emissions annually.