Venezuela’s opposition leaders are ecstatic about the results of Sun-day’s legislative elections, which dealt a heavy blow to President Hugo Chávez. But they should get ready for Chávez’s counterattack. It will come soon, and it will be nasty.
Judging from what I hear from former close Chávez aides and other well-placed analysts, he is likely to circumvent the results of Sunday’s vote by pulling several tricks to consolidate his powers ahead of the 2012 presidential election.
On paper, Chávez won Sunday’s election by obtaining 97 seats in the National Assembly, while the opposition won 65. But according to opposition counts, anti-Chávez and independent candidates received 52% of the popular vote* despite Chávez’s massive use of government resources, virtual control of most electronic media and widespread intimidation.
“This will have a gigantic impact,” anti-Chávez leader and congresswoman-elect Maria Corina Machado told me in a telephone interview. “What was at stake last Sunday was whether a terrified society that feared all kinds of punishments if it didn’t vote for Chávez would overcome its fear. And people did overcome their fears!”
Opposition leaders stress that Chávez’s majority in the National Assembly will be exclusively due to rules that were heavily tilted to favour government candidates. Pro-Chávez states like Amazonas could elect one legislator with just 20,000 voters, while anti-Chávez states such as Zulia required 400,000 votes to elect one legislator.
Still, the opposition carried several former Chávez strongholds, including the Caracas district of Libertador, where the presidential palace is located. Nationally, Chavez got 5.4 million votes, way below the 7.3 million votes he received in the 2006 presidential elections and 17% fewer votes than he got in a 2009 referendum.
Still, there are several scenarios under which Chavez could bend Venezuelan laws – as he has often done – to maintain his near absolute powers:
* Scenario 1: Chávez uses the outgoing National Assembly, which he fully controls until the newly elected legislators take their seats on January 5, to pass an ‘enabling law’ that grants him extraordinary temporary powers. He and previous Venezuelan presidents have done this.
* Scenario 2: The new National Assembly takes office on January 5, and Chávez no longer enjoys a two-thirds majority to rule at his will. But Chávez, through vote-buying or intimidation, gets the votes he needs to get the new congress to pass an ‘enabling law.’
* Scenario 3: Chávez asks the Supreme Court, which he controls, to issue a ruling scrapping the two-thirds vote requirement and to allow him to pass key laws by a simple majority vote.
* Scenario 4: Chávez gives legislative powers to pro-government community councils, in effect stripping away the powers from the National Assembly.
He has done something similar before: When opposition Caracas Mayor Antonio Ledezma won in the 2008 elections, Chavez created an office of super-mayor of Caracas, appointed a loyalist to head it and shifted most of the opposition-held mayoral office’s duties and budget to the new office.
Will Chávez bend the laws to strip the elected National Assembly of its powers, the way he did with the Caracas mayoral office? I asked Ledezma this week. The opposition mayor said it’s going to be much more difficult for Chávez to do it because Venezuelans and the rest of the world would see it as a “self-coup.”
“It’s a different circumstance: Since Sunday, there is a new political map in Venezuela,” Ledezma said. “Now, the opposition won a majority of the national vote.”
My opinion: Venezuela’s opposition has not been as strong – and Chávez as weak – since the beginning of his presidency. But Chávez is likely to once again bend the Venezuelan constitution, which he himself drafted, to maintain his populist authoritarian rule. He is a military man at heart. He has publicly said from day one that he doesn’t believe in representative democracy, but in his own brand of “participatory” democracy.
There is little question that Chávez will use the Supreme Court and other government branches that he controls to try to void the new National Assembly’s opposition bloc of its powers.
The only question is whether the international community will look the other way and allow him to get away with it.
© The Miami Herald, 2010. Distributed by Knight Ridder/Tribune Media Services.
*(Editor’s note: Since this was written the National Electoral Council announced that Chávez’s party took 48.9% of the popular vote, and the opposition, 47.9%.)
