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    Hedges new and old

    For screening, securing, hiding, or emphasizing an area, there is nothing quite like a living hedge to do the job.  Hedges have to be worked on regularly to be a success when used for any of these purposes.  In Guyana there is an ideal climate and growth can be rapid for most of the time. So much [...]

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    Bottle gardens are back

    Bottle gardens are back

    Many new gardeners (and quite a few older ones) get confused about the terms ‘annuals,’ ‘biennials’ and ‘perennials.’ I hope what I am about to say doesn’t worsen the situation for any of you, for these terms have a certain elasticity in Guyana because of the climate and the fact that there isn’t the low [...]

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    John Warrington

    There is merit in raised beds

    All gardeners know that water evaporates from the garden during hot dry spells.  We put it on and in no time at all it has evaporated into thin air. We go to a great deal of trouble to reduce this loss of water by watering at the coolest time of the day to avoid losing [...]

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    Getting rid of your enemies

    Getting rid of your enemies

    When I was a child gardeners all over the world spent a great deal of time in the garden on their hands and knees pulling out or digging out weeds. It was time-consuming and time-wasting work, not to mention back-breaking for the tall ones. Annual weeds could then and can now be easily controlled and [...]

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    Oscar Wilde is reported to have said that the man who could call a spade a spade should be compelled to use one, for it is the only thing for which he is fitted. I am not at all sure I agree with that, but in any case in Guyana one can overcome that little problem by calling a spade a shovel.  Call it what you will it still means hard work. Digging, double digging, forking over compacted ground, hoeing and raking are all essential operations, resulting in backache, and sometimes worse. However, all of us hope it will be worth the trouble and will result in some pretty spectacular revelations of our own. Hope springs eternal, etc.  Success doesn’t come by sitting back and doing nothing.  As they say in Yorkshire, ‘You get nowt for nowt.’ There has to be a bit of perspiration. In temperate countries the gardener’s year begins in autumn which is a time for getting on with work before the ground becomes like iron. It is a time for planting for the spring display, propagating for the summer displays, buying seeds and so on. In Guyana the seasons are not so well defined – just two more or less dry, and two more or less wet.  One can generally garden all the year round, but like our temperate cousins, some kind of planning is required to help us organise our work. Good gardening,  like studying, depends on good planning.  It doesn’t do away with hard work but it does help to spread it out so you don’t kill yourself in the process.  Time spent planning is time well spent.    A properly thought-out work programme helps to plan the routine, and forces you to think ahead to any alterations and developments. It helps identify the priorities more effectively.     Routine in the garden One of the most important routines is the daily walk.  It helps you to see problems and to think out the solutions to them. It doesn’t matter whether it’s done in the morning before setting off to do less important things (like working for a living), or done in the afternoon with a cooling drink in one hand and pencil and paper in the other. The daily walk makes you confront things. Like weeds which are using up precious water and fertilizer that your regular plants require. When seeing a weed you will be able to take out the hand fork (which you just happen to have in your belt) and ease the weeds out of their comfortable home. Squatters you can do without. Dig them up and compost them. It gives you the time to actually look at your plants and take an offending (diseased, infested or deformed) branch off here and there – and it’s not bad exercise either. One of the daily routines is keeping the pathways  clean and swept, which adds such a lot to a garden and helps to set off the beauty of your plants to the casual passers-by, as well as to your visitors. All dead or dying leaves should be removed from plants, and picked up from the lawns and flower beds. Stones must be picked up.  Keep a look out for stones especially. It’s surprising how many get onto the grass and they’re lethal to glass windows, pets, and people when spun off at high speed by the brush cutters.    A weekly task is getting the grass looking its best close towards the end of the week, so that it looks good for the weekend.  All clippings should be raked up and composted. If you have some special function in the garden then the grass is cut the day before it, no matter what day of the week it is. Grass and weeds make good compost, and should be spread over the compost heap evenly. The day of the party give the area a spray with a mosquitocide, and then your evening will not be purgatory. Until next week may your God go with you wherever you may be.

    Good gardening depends on good planning

    Oscar Wilde is reported to have said that the man who could call a spade a spade should be compelled to use one, for it is the only thing for which he is fitted. I am not at all sure I agree with that, but in any case in Guyana one can overcome that little problem [...]

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    Growing boulanger

    Growing boulanger

    Consider Solanum melongena, known as the aubergine. The aubergine, also known as the egg plant, the boulanger, the melongene, or the brinjal was first introduced into Britain in 1597, recorded by John Gerard in his great Herbal. Thought to be poisonous, the aubergine (the French word for the plant) is believed to have originated in India. Someone [...]

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    Lawns in the tropics are created by planting grass – not by sowing it. The perfect lawn as articulated above by a Cambridge college groundsman is impossible for us to create. So forget your Wimbledon-like tennis court and Headingly-like square (ouch), and lawns-like King’s College, Cambridge, cut and rolled for hundreds of years – but don’t despair. A really first-rate lawn can be created here if you have a little money to buy in selected grass types or are prepared to carry out certain basic essential work on your existing one.   Most Guyanese live on the coastal strip. You live on land which may flood regularly, or is baked dry in the blazing sun, but which grows grass. In Guyana the best lawns are going to be made by planting warm weather grass types such as Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), the Savannah grass (Axonopus compressus). All the varieties of Bermuda grass are fine-leaved and can become a bit of a pest at times if they grow into your flower beds. All varieties of Savannah grass are broad-leaved. Bermuda and Savannah grasses are to be seen all over Georgetown in parks and gardens.         If you have sufficient funds and are in a hurry you can buy your grass from Barbados or Florida in cellular trays, each cell being filled with a ‘plug’ of the grass you want or has been recommended for your particular purpose. That can be expensive. If you are not in a hurry then you can establish your own grass nursery by carefully selecting the grass type you wish to have and planting it in a special area where it can grow and spread and be kept free of weeds to be planted out at a later date.  However it has to be said that most people are going to try and use what they have in the garden, and are not going to bother to buy or specially grow a particular type of grass or grasses. There isn’t the time or money to do it.  You just have to improve what you have. And what do you have? If your grass has got very fine leaves it is almost certainly going to be Bermuda grass. If it has wide leaves it is almost certainly going to be Savannah grass.    So what to do with your existing lawn? First, don’t let your husband or wife practise their golf swings to try and become Guyana’s answer to Tiger Woods. They are bound to create bare patches which are tailor made for weed seeds. Discourage all four-legged creatures. Dogs like to dig for bones they think they’ve buried in some past life. Keep your lawn cut regularly and cut short.  This will encourage it to become thick. A thick lawn will not allow weeds to develop, including weed grasses.                     People with a ten-blade mowing machine such as the Ransomes Auto Certes have got the game by the throat, and can get 100 cuts per yard and probably the best looking lawn this side of the rabbit-proof fence.       Next to cutting short is the matter of making it level.  This is not done by rolling, and you can safely throw the roller away, because you can’t roll away humps. What you can do is top-dress the lawn to fill up the depressions in order to make it level.  It may be necessary to put down as much as four pounds to the square yard to achieve this, or even more, but you can be sure that if it is put on evenly the grass will grow evenly.  A word of advice.  Don’t try and level your lawn with sand. That will merely clog up the drainage. Take the trouble to obtain good soil, sieve the stones and rubbish out of it, and use that instead.  The grass will grow better, and it will stand dry weather better.  When you cut grass you do in fact remove a large part of the plants’ food-creating factory. You have to stimulate the growth of more leaves by adding nitrogen, usually in the form of sulphate of ammonia which is best mixed with sand at the rate of 10 parts of sand to 1 part of sulphate of ammonia, and then applied at the rate of four ounces to the square yard, two or three times a year.  In summary, therefore, cut it often, cut it short, feed it occasionally, and top-dress it to make an even surface. Until next week may your God go with you wherever you may be.    

    A Gardener’s Diary:’Perfect when cut and rolled for 400 years’

    Lawns in the tropics are created by planting grass – not by sowing it. The perfect lawn as articulated above by a Cambridge college groundsman is impossible for us to create. So forget your Wimbledon-like tennis court and Headingly-like square (ouch), and lawns-like King’s College, Cambridge, cut and rolled for hundreds of years – but don’t [...]

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    By John Warrington A Gardener's diary

    Wean plants grown in soil-less compost

    Some people always have difficulty remembering which plants like to pretend they are still living in the Sahara from those which prefer life in a puddle. Golden rule number one is that succulent plants (including cacti) need far less water to survive than the rest.    Golden rule number two is that plants grown in [...]

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    John Warrington

    A Gardener’s Diary: Men of clay

    During the past fifty years there has been a quiet revolution in the commercial production of pot plants. Nearly every task has been automated, as commercial growers, needing to make a crust in the face of increasing labour shortages and consequent high labour costs, have converted nurseries into highly efficient plant factories. This has meant savings [...]

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    A fascinating area of horticulture

    A fascinating area of horticulture

    The propagation of plants is one of the most fascinating areas of the science and art of horticulture, and has increased immeasurably the ability of gardeners throughout the world to maintain, extend and share their collections of plants. In theory there is no part of a plant which cannot be used to propagate a species, [...]

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    A moving little story

    A moving little story

    When you are planning a garden it is nearly always the case that in order to get a fuller and more mature look in a short time you naturally (and rightly) plant more thickly than normal and thin out as plants begin to establish and grow. Always the question is when to do it and [...]

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    Mildew can be a real nuisance

    Mildew can be a real nuisance

    Most house plants are grown for their foliage and most, including the ever popular African Violet, prefer shade to bright sun, and some moisture at the roots and in the atmosphere to dry conditions. This is because most house plants come from the relative shade of the tropical rain forest.   They are popular of course because [...]

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    Sexy scarlet, sexy pink and beefsteak

    Sexy scarlet, sexy pink and beefsteak

    The Bougainvillea ‘Mary Palmer’ is attractive, sometimes stunningly so, but when variegated can be wayward and unpredic-table. Nevertheless it is really worth having. She is strictly speaking a chimera, like quite a few bougainvilleas I know. This means in simple terms that a single plant can produce two distinct flower ‘colours.’ In this case they are either pink or [...]

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    Growing bromeliads

    Growing bromeliads

    There may not be too many readers who could name a lot of plants belonging to the plant family called the Bromeliaceae, and yet it is one of the most important groups of plants in the Central and South American tropics.   In some parts of the world one member of the family is of major [...]

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    Palms make the tropical landscape distinctive

     It is the palm tree which gives the tropical landscape its distinctive look and along with beautiful sea and sand beaches features in the brochures enticing people to holiday in the West Indies.  The trees you see in the literature are nearly all coconut palms, but there are dozens of other palm varieties  gracing [...]