My last three articles focused on the need to radically reform the undemocratic/illiberal nature of the PPP, rooted as it is in old and misunderstood autocratic doctrines such as democratic centralism and vanguard party. Given that we still live in an essentially liberal context, one of the mistakes we make when referring to our political parties is to speak of them as if they were liberal parties, although if some thought is given to the issue, we know that they are not. It is much like using the concept of marriage in a comparative discourse between the United States of America and Saudi Arabia without acknowledging the fundamental differences between the institution in each country.
Secrecy is at a premium in PPP-type political parties and therefore, it is no surprise that Mr. Ralph Ramkarran’s continued outspokenness has raised concerns among the oligarchs about his reliability. Indeed, it is only because the need for secrecy so far outweighs the importance of policy that although,
