UNITED NATIONS (Reuters) – The United Nations Security Council should place an arms embargo on South Sudan, while the oil-rich country’s President Salva Kiir and a rebel leader qualify to be sanctioned over atrocities committed in a two-year civil war, UN sanctions monitors said in an annual report.
The confidential report by a UN panel that monitors the conflict in South Sudan for the Security Council stated that Kiir and rebel leader Riek Machar are still completely in charge of their forces and are therefore directly to blame for killing civilians and other actions that warrant sanctions. A copy of the report was seen by Reuters yesterday.
The 15-member Security Council has long-threatened to impose an arms embargo, but veto power Russia, backed by council member Angola, has been reluctant to support such an action. Russia’s UN Ambassador Vitaly Churkin said yesterday that he was concerned that an arms embargo would be one-sided because it would be easier to enforce on the government.
A political dispute between Kiir and Machar, who was once Kiir’s deputy, sparked the civil war. But it has widened and reopened ethnic fault lines between Kiir’s Dinka and Machar’s Nuer people. More than 10,000 people have been killed.
The panel wrote that “there is clear and convincing evidence that most of the acts of violence committed during the war, including the targeting of civilians … have been directed by or undertaken with the knowledge of senior individuals at the highest levels of the Government and within the opposition.”
However, they said the government appears to have been responsible for a larger share of the bloodshed in the country in 2015.
“While civilians have been and continue to be targeted by both sides, including because of their tribal affiliation, the panel has determined that, in contrast to 2014, the government has been responsible for the vast majority of human rights violations committed in South Sudan (since March 2015),” the UN’s panel coordinator Payton Knopf told the Security Council sanctions committee on January 14, according to prepared remarks circulated to council members.
The South Sudan mission to the United Nations in New York was not immediately available to comment on the report.
UN peacekeepers in South Sudan are also “regularly attacked, harassed, detained, intimidated and threatened,” the report said.
The conflict in South Sudan, whose 2011 secession from Sudan had long enjoyed the support of the United States, has torn apart the world’s youngest country. The UN panel reported that some 2.3 million people have been displaced since war broke out in December 2013, while some 3.9 million face severe food shortages.
The UN report described how Kiir’s government bought at least four Mi-24 attack helicopters in 2014 from a private Ukrainian company at a cost of nearly $43 million.
